A painter’s palette, composed of a multitude of pigments, lakes and dyes in the most varied mixtures, is typical for the period of origin of the work and perhaps typical for the individual artist. Questions regarding the periods that certain pigments were used, their production and stability are the order of the day in the scientific department. For expert opinions regarding the authenticity of paintings, an approximate estimate of their date of origin is often possible on the basis of the colourants used by the artist. Light and fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray analysis as well as X-ray diffraction (vertical goniometer and Gandolfi camera) are available for the analysis of inorganic pigments. For these analytical methods, small and selective powder samples are taken or particles are prepared as cross-sections.